WordPress Functions and the functions.php File

WordPress has 100s of built in php functions called core functions.

However if you want to modify WordPress, create Plugins or themes, then you will probably need to create your own custom functions.

What You Will Learn

How to Add Your Own Functions to WordPress
How to Customise existing WordPress functions

The Functions.php File

The main functions.php file contains WordPress core php functions, and is located in the includes directory.

It is one of the first files loaded as part of the WordPress load process.

Although it can be customised just like any of the other WordPress files,customising the main functions.php isn’t recommended, as any changes will be overwritten when you do an upgrade.

Therefore if you need to add your own functions to WordPress or modify existing ones then you should:

Use the functions.php in your theme
Use a Child theme with a new functions.php
Use a functions plugin

See creating a child theme

Using the Theme functions.php file

Although not mandatory most themes have their own functions.php file for theme specific functions.

You can add you own functions to this file, or modify existing functions using this file.

You can only modify existing WordPress functions if they are pluggable.

The pluggable functions are located in the pluggable.php file (in the includes directory), and not the functions.php

See creating pluggable functions below.

Using A Child Theme functions.php File

Using a child theme with its own functions.php file is the recommended way of adding custom functions, as they aren’t overwritten by any upgrades.

The functions.php file of a child theme is loaded before the parent theme functions.php file and the two files are additive.

That means that you get the functions from the child theme and parent theme.

Using a Plugin

If you need the functions to be theme independent then you can use a functions plugin to add the functions.

Generally this is the preferred method to override WordPress core functions.

See creating a custom functions plugin

Creating Pluggable functions -The Basics

To overwrite an existing function you cannot simple create a new function one with the same name as the existing one, as you will get an error.

However you can check for the existence of the function before you include it using the function function_exists()

so function_exists( ‘functionname’ ) will return true if the function has already been defined.

So assume we have function called f1 and we want to override it we simply use the following:

if(!function_exists( ‘f1’ )) // if it doesn’t already exist
{
function f1( ) //create it
{
//function code goes here
}
}

The function f1 is now pluggable

This article –understanding pluggable functions-goes into pluggable functions in much more detail.

Summary

It is possible to add your own functions to WordPress in several ways. Using plugins is probably the most versatile method.

When creating your own functions in themes it is considered good practise to make them pluggable, so they be overridden in child themes

Resources and References:

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